Screening for Pathogenic Trypanosomes in Cattle and Camels Slaughtered at Zango and Kawo Abattoirs, Kaduna State, Nigeria
https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v44i1.24
Keywords:
cattle, camel, Kaduna, abattoir, TrypanosomeAbstract
African trypanosomosis remains one of the major diseases affecting food security and human healthy living in sub-Saharan Africa. This study screened domesticated animals for the presence of pathogenic trypanosomes in 1,050 slaughtered animals comprising 858 and 100 cattle respectively from Zango and Kawo abattoirs and 92 camels from Zango as Kawo abattoir neither slaughters nor sell camel meat. Both abattoirs are government-owned and located in Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The animals examined were sourced from Bauchi, Yobe, Katsina, Kaduna, Kano, and Chad Republic. Blood samples were collected from each animal at the point of slaughter and examined using the buffy coat technique andLeishman-stained thick film for trypanosome identification. Packed cell volume (PCV) determination was conducted to assess the level of anaemia. Results indicated that 25 cattle and 2 camels (27) had an overall trypanosome infection rate of 2.57%. The trypanosomes observed were mainly Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma congolense, and Trypanosoma vivax. This study showed that sources of livestock slaughtered at various abattoirs can be a useful indicator in quantifying trypanosomosis risk. Continuous sensitization and awareness creation among the herders at the grass-root level is recommended for effective disease management towards increased livestock production and productivity required to sustain the rural economy and improve the livelihoods of the local populace.
References
Nimpaye, H., Njiokou, F., Njine, T., Njitchouang, G.R., Cuny, G., Herder, S., Asonganyi, T. and Simo, G. (2011). Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense “Forest Type” and T. simiae: Prevalence in domestic animals of Sleeping sickness foci ofCameroon.Parasite 18: 171-179.
Isaac, C., Ohiolei, J. A., Ebhodaghe, F., Igbinosa I. B. and Eze, A. A. (2017). Animal African trypanosomiasis in Nigeria: A long way from elimination/eradication. Acta Tropica 176(1): 323-333.
Abenga, J. N. (2015). Effect of flooding on trypanosome infection rates in trade cattle at central abattoir Makurdi Metropolis, Benue
state, North-Central, Nigeria. AnnualResearch & Review in Biology 8(5): 1-6.
World Health Organization (2023). Health topics: Neglected Tropical Diseases https://www.who.int/health-topics/neglected-tropical-diseases#tab=tab_1 Accessed January 16, 2023
Luintel, A, Lowe, P., Cooper, A.,MacLeod, A., Büscher, P., Brooks, T. and Brown, M. (2017). Case of human African trypanosomiasis in United Kingdom, 2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 23(7): 1225–1227. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2307.170695
Franco, J. R., Cecchi, G., Priotto, G., Paone, M., Diarra, A., Grout, L., Simarro, P. P., Zhao, W. and Argaw, D. (2018). Monitoring the elimination of humanAfrican trypanosomiasis: Update to 2016. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases12(12):e0006890
Nok, A. J. (2005) ‘Effective measures for controlling trypanosomiasis’, ExpertOpinion on Pharmacotherapy 6(15): 2645-2653.
Machina, I. B., Suleiman, A., Ladan, H. I., Hassan, A., Abubakar, A.T., Baba, U. M., Abdulrafiu, A. D., Tamba, Z., Ubale, C. and Aliyu, Z. (2017). The prevalence of trypanosome infection in cattle in Five Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, NorthWestern Nigeria. IOSR Journal of
Agriculture and Veterinary Science 10(11): 77-81.
Wayo, B., Samdi, S. M., Fajinmi, A. O., Bizi, R. Dauda, H. Muhammad, A. A. and Kalejaiye, J. O. (2017). Prevalence of trypanosomiasis in sheep in the Kachia grazing reserve, Kachia, Kaduna State, Nigeria. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 18(2): 120-123.
Thrustfield, M. (2005). Veterinary epidemiology. (2nd Edition), BlackwellScience, Oxford, pp. 117-198.
Murray, M., Murray, P. K. and McIntyre W. I. (1977). An improved parasitological technique for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis. Transactions of RoyalSociety for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene71:325-326 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203 (77) 901109
Danbirni, S., Sackey, A. K. B., Fadason, S. T. and Bello, A. A. (2010). Trypanosoma brucei infection in herd of sedentary cattle in Danja Local Government Area, Katsina State, Northern Nigeria- a possibleresurgence of tsetse flies in the previous tsetse-free area of Nigeria. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 31(10): 87-89.
Amina, M., Jallailudeen, R., Jamila, D., Yakaka, W., Esther, S., Musa, I. and Abdullahi, A. (2017). Prevalence of haemoparasites in Balami Sheep from Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, 2: 28-35.
Muhammad, A. A., Ajakaiye, J.J.,Danladi, L. O., Mohammed, B., Sambo, F., Omotosho, K. and Jarmai, K. Y.(2020). The prevalence of natural mixed infection of T. congolense and T. vivax in cattle from selected abattoirs in Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. International
Journal of Health Science Research 10(11): 58-65.
Enwezor, F. N. C., Emmanuel, R.,Olanrewaju, T. O., Yarnap, J. E., Bizi, R. L., David, K., Ezebuiro, O. G. C., Yusuf, R. J., Kugama, M. A. Abubakar, S., Jarmai, K. Y., Abraham, O. A., Saidu, M. A., Onogwu, O. J., Asongo, I. C., Sarki, C. D., Abdullahi, C. D. Machina, I. B., Ibrahim, B, Tijjani, A. A., Salawu, M. J., Sabo, H. and Ibrahim, H. (2019). Investigation of livestock for presence of Trypanosoma rea of Niger State, Nigeria. Nigerian
Science World Journal 14(4):39-44
Samdi, S. M., Fajinmi, A. O., Kalejaye, J. O., Wayo, B., Haruna, M. K., Yarnap, J. E., Mshelia, W. P., Usman, A. O., Hamra, S. M., Jijitar, A., Ogunwale, R.,Ovbagbedia, R. P. and Bizi R. (2011). Prevalence of trypanosomosis in cattle slaughter in Kaduna central abattoir. Asian
Journal of Animal Sciences 5(2): 162-165.
Ahmed, M. I. and Agbede, R. I. S. (1993). A three-year retrospective study oftrypanosome infection in cattle sheep and goats in Zaria, Northern Nigeria.OAU/STRC 1993, publication No. 116, Nairobi, Kenya. Pp98-99
Shamaki, B., Obaloto, O., Kalejaiye, J., Lawani, F., Balak, G. and Charles, D. (2009). A wet season survey of animal trypanosomosis in Shongom localgovernment area of Gombe State. Nigeria. The Journal of Protozoology Research 19(2): 1-6.
Mahmoud, M. and Gray, A. (1980). Trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosomaevansi (steel, 1885) balbiani, 1888: a review of recent research. Tropical Animal Health and Production 12: 35-47.
Elamine, E. A., Elbashir, M. O. A. and Saheed, E. M. A. (1999). Prevalence and infection pattern of Trypanosoma evansi in camels in Middle Eastern Sudan. Tropical Animal Health and Production 30: 107-14.
de Gier, J., Cecchi, G., Paonea, M., Dede, P. and Zhao, W. (2020). The continental Atlas of tsetse and African animal trypanosomosis in Nigeria. Acta Tropica 204: 105328. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105328
Lema, A. A., Maigoro, M. A., Said, M., Marwana, A. M. and Nurudden, W. (2018). Prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis in Katsina State. Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 39(2): 114-117.
Shah, S. R., Phulan, M. S., Memon, M. A., Rind, R. and Bhatti, A. (2004). Trypanosome infections in camels. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 24(4): 209-210.
Karshima, N. S., Ajogi, I., Lawal, A. I., Mohammed, G. and Okubanjo, O. O.(2012). Detection of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense specific Li Tat 1.3 antibodies in humans and cattle in Taraba State, NorthEastern Nigeria. Journal of VeterinaryAdvances 2: 580-585.
Karshima, S. N., Lawal, I. A., Bata, S. I., Barde, I. J., Adamu, P. V., Salihu, A., Dross, P. N. and Obalisa, A. (2016). Animal reservoirs of Trypanosoma bruceigambiense around the old Gboko sleeping sickness focus in Nigeria. Journal ofParasitology and Vector Biology 8(5): 47-
Ajakiaye, J. J., Abdullahi, M. A. and Olanrewaju, T. O. (2021). Reproductive organ damage of domestic ruminants in African Animal Trypanosomiasis: AReview. FUDMA Journal of Agriculture andAgricultural Technology 7(2):47-52 doi: https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2021.0702.04 7
Mbaya, A., Ibrahim, U. and Apagu, S.(2010). Trypanosomosis of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) and itsvectors in the tsetse-free arid zone of Northeastern, Nigeria. Nigerian Veterinary Journal 31(3): 195-200.
Bourn, D., Wint, W., Bieuch, R. and Wooliey, E. (1994). Nigerian livestock resources survey. World Animal Review 78: 49-58.
Veterinary Parasitology (2010). Course: Veterinary physiology; normal packed cell volume values in domestic animals. http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=125713(Accessed January 18, 2023)
Raryithkumar, M., Kamili, N.M., Sexena, A., Dan, A., Dey, S. and Raut, S. S. (2011). Disturbance of oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium in horses naturally infected with Trypanosomaevansi. Veterinary Parasitology 180 (3- 4): 349-353.
Desquesnes, M., Dargantes, A., Lai, D. H., Lun, Z. R., Holzmuller, P. and Jittapalapong, S. (2013). Trypanosoma evansi and surra: A review and perspectives on transmission, epidemiology and control, impact, and zoonotic aspects. Biomed Research International. doi:10.1155/2013/321237
Black, S. J., Seed, J. R. and Murphy, N. B.(2001). Innate and acquired resistance to trypanosomi a sis. The Journal of Parasitology 87(1): 1-9.
Murray, M., and Dexter, T. M. (1988). Anaemia in bovine African trypanosomiasis: Areview. Acta Tropica 45: 389-432.
Giordani, F., Morrison, L. J., Rowan, T. G., De Koning, H. P. and Barrett, M. P. (2016). The animal trypanosomiases and their chemotherapy: a review. Parasitology1 4 3 : 1 8 6 2 - 1 8 8 9 ;doi:101017/S0031182016001268
Mamoudou, A., Njanloga, A., Hayatou, A., Suh, F. P. and Achukwi, M. D. (2016). Animal trypanosomosis in clinically healthy cattle of north Cameroon: Epidemiological implications. Parasites & Vectors 9: 206.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Nigerian Journal of Parasitology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
