Influence of geographical location on abundance assortment of Anopheles mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) on malaria parasite rate in Enugu State, Nigeria

https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v42i1.5

Authors

  • Ngwu, G. I. Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
  • Okafor F. C Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
  • Eyo J. E Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
  • Ngwu M. I Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka

Keywords:

Anopheles, distribution, sporozoite, malaria parasite

Abstract

Assessment of geographical distribution of malaria vectors is essential to effective malaria parasite control. This study evaluated the  influence of geographical locations on distribution of Anopheles mosquito species and malaria parasite vectorial efficacy in Enugu  State, Nigeria. Mosquitoes were collected, using indoor resting pyrethrum spray collection (IRPSC) method. They were morphologically  identified and molecularly (PCR) characterised. The M form (now called Anopheles coluzzii) and S form (now called  nominotypical Anopheles gambiae s.s.), were identified using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Plasmodium  falciparum sporozoite rates of sampled mosquitoes and malaria status of households were evaluated microscopically and by using  rapid diagnostic kits. An. gambiae Giles (sensu stricto), and bands resembling An. melas and An. arabiensis species complexes were  observed. Out of 300 An. gambiae s.l. identified using PCR, 243 were An. gambiae Giles (sensu stricto), 6 were An. melas and 5 were An.  arabiensis. Out of the 243 An. gambiae Giles (sensu stricto), 184 were M form (now An. coluzzii) and 59 were S form (now  nominotypical An. gambiae s.s). The M form (now An. coluzzii) constituted 99% of Anopheles mosquitoes from southernmost part of  the study area while northernmost part showed 100% S form (An. gambiae s.s.). The median location had the M form (An. coluzzii) and  S form (An. gambiae s.s.) in sympatric. Sporozoite rate in northernmost area was highest when compared with median and southernmost parts. The S form (An. gambiae s.s.) was observed as more important malaria parasite vector, and the results  revealed  that geographical location affected species diversities which is an important consideration for malaria control programme.

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Published

2021-03-01

How to Cite

I., N. G., F. C, O., J. E, E., & M. I, N. (2021). Influence of geographical location on abundance assortment of Anopheles mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) on malaria parasite rate in Enugu State, Nigeria: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v42i1.5. Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 42(1), 31–40. Retrieved from https://njpar.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/97

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