Anticoccidial activity and Biochemical effect of <i>Parkia biglobosa</i> extract in <i>Eimeria tenella</I> infected Broiler Chickens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v46i2.19Keywords:
Poultry, Parkia biglobosa, Haematology, Avian coccidiosis, AntiprotozoalAbstract
Parkia biglobosa is widely used in Nigerian ethnomedicine for treating avian coccidiosis and other diseases. This study evaluated the anticoccidial efficacy of P. biglobosa extract (PBE) and its influence on serum biochemical and haematological parameters in broiler chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella. One hundred and twenty broiler chicks were randomly allocated to six groups (n = 20). On day 21, groups A–E were orally challenged with 40,000 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella. Treatment commenced on day 7 post-infection (dpi), with groups A, B, and C receiving PBE at doses of 250, 125, and 62.5 mg/kg respectively. Group D received Amprolium (1 g/L in water), group E remained infected but untreated, and group F was non-infected and non-treated. The parameters assessed included lesion score, oocyst shedding, faecal score, feed
conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate, serum enzyme levels, and haematological profiles. PBE significantly reduced oocyst counts and lesion scores, and improved haematological profiles and FCR in a dose-dependent manner, comparable to Amprolium, PBE also normalised serum ALT, LDH, and creatinine levels. These results support the potential use of P. biglobosa as a natural anti-coccidial agent.
References
Rahmani, A., Ahmed, L. H., Kara, R., Dems, M. A., Cherb, N., Klikha, A. & Blake, D. P. (2024). The financial cost of coccidiosis in Algerian chicken production: A major challenge for the poultry sector. Avian Pathology, 1 – 12. https://doi.org/10.1080/0 3079457.2024.2336091
Abbas, R. Z., Abbas, A., Iqbal, Z., Raza, M. A., Hussain, K., Ahmed, T. & Shafi, M. U. (2020). In vitro anticoccidial activity of Vitis vinifera extract on oocysts of different Eimeria species of Broiler Chicken. Journal of Hellenic, Veterinary Medical Society, 71(3): 2267-2272.
Cheng, P., Wu, Y., Guo, S., Ma, X., Fei, C., Xue, F., Zhu, C., Wang, M. & Feng Gu, F. (2022). RPA assay coupled with CRISPR/Cas12a system for the detection of seven Eimeria species in chicken fecal samples. Veterinary Parasitology, 311,109810. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. vetpar. 2022. 109810.
Pawestri, W., Nuraini, D.M. & Andityas, M. (2020). The estimation of economic losses due to coccidiosis in broiler chickens in Central Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Service. Earth and Environmental Science, 411: 1-5. 012030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755- 1315/411/1/012030385 Nigerian Journal of Parasitology
Zohaib, S. & Khalid, A. A. (2023). Botanicals: A promising Approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry. Frontier Veterinary Science, doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1157833.
Ntui, V. O., Uyoh, E. A., Urua, I. S.,Ogbu, U. & Okpako, E. C. (2012). Regeneration of Parkia biglobosa Benth. An important tree species of Africa. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research, 2(1): 169-177.
Basira, I. (2023). An evaluation of the anticoccidial potency of some ethnomedicinal plants used in the treatment of poultry diseases in Zaria, Nigeria. Phd Thesis, Department of Zoology, faculty of life sciences Ahmadu bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373139568
Bukar, A., Uba, A. & Oyeyi, T. I. (2010). Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.). Benth. Extracts against some food-borne microorganisms. Advances in Environmental Biology, 3: 74-79.https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Phytochemical-analysis-and-antimicrobial-activity-BukarUba/afa3a1479e28d5b0dbdfa806e1a1214d7d28024
Basira, I. (2023). An evaluation of the anticoccidial potency of some ethnomedicinal plants used in the treatment of poultry diseases in Zaria, Nigeria. Phd Thesis, Department of Zoology, faculty of life sciences Ahmadu bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373139568
Cannon, R. M. & Roe, R. T. (1982). Livestock Disease Surveys. AField Manual for Veterinarians. Bureau of Resource Science, Department of Primary Industry. Australia Government Publication Service Canberra, 35.
Trease, G. E., & Evans, W. C. (2002). Phytochemicals: In: Pharmacognosy, 15th Ed. Saunders Publication London, pp: 42-393.
Gadelhaq, S. M., Arafa, W. M. & Abolhadid, S. M. (2018). In vitro activity of natural and chemical products on sporulation of Eimeria species oocysts of chickens. Veterinary Parasitology, 251: 12-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.12.020
Ahmed, A. I., Sulaiman, M. M., Istifanus, W. A., Panda, S. M., & Chongmobmi, M. (2019). Anticoccidial Efficacy of Azadirachta indica Leaf Powder against Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chickens. Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 16: 82–88. https://www.bibliomed.org/gotodoi.php?mno=22258&gdoi=10.5455/sf.22258
Abbas, R. Z., Abbas, A., Iqbal, Z., Raza, M. A., Hussain, K., Ahmed, T. & Shafi, M. U. (2020). In vitro anticoccidial activity of Vitis vinifera extract on oocysts of different Eimeria species of Broiler Chicken. Journal Hellenic of Veterinary Medical Society, 71(3): 2267-2272.
https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/jhvms/article/view/25071/20781
Wiedosari, E. &Wardhana, A. H. (2017). Anticoccidial Activity of Artemisinin and Extract of Artemisia annua Leaves in Chickens Infected by Eimeria tenella. Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 22: 196–204.http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v22i4.1622
Morehouse, N. F. & Baron, R. R. (1970). Coccidiosis: evaluation of coccidiostats by mortality weight gains and faecal scores. Experimental Parasitology, 28(1): 25–29.https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4894(70)90062-7
Dacie, J. V., and Lewis, S. M.(1995). Practical Haematology. 8th Edition, Churchill Livingstone, London.
Drury, R. A. B. & Wallington, E. A. (1976). Carleton's Histological Techniques. 4th Edition., Oxford University Press, London.
Kaingu, F., Liu, D., Wang, L., Tao, J., Waihenya, R. & Kutima, H. (2017). Anticoccidial Effects of Aloe secundifloraLeaf Extract Against Eimeria tenella in Broiler Chicken. Tropical Animal Health Production, 49: 823–828.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250- 017-1267
Ibrahim, A., Yahya, M. M. &Usman, B. S. (2018). Effects of Dietary Levels of Doum Palm Pulp Meal (Hyphaene thabaica) Supplementation on the Performance of Broiler Chickens. Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary sciences, 2: 1–8 . https://journalajravs.com/index.php/AJRAVS/article/view/28/55
Coles, G. C. (1986). Anthelminthic resistance in sheep In: Gibbs, H.C., Herd, R.P., Murrell, K.D., (Eds.), Veterinary Clinics of North America, Food Animal Practice: Philadelphia, Saunders, W.B, pp.423–432. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)31253-6
Schalm, O. W., Jain, N. C. & Caroll, E. J. (1975). Veterinary Haematology, (3rd Ed.): Lea and Fabiger, Philadelphia, pp. 15-218.
Chen, S., Xiaojing, W., Yu, C., Hongsheng G. &Xuehao, C. (2023). "A Review of Classification, Biosynthesis, Biological Activities and Potential Applications of Flavonoids." Molecules, 28(13): 4982. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134982
Zhang, L., Zhang, H., Du, S., Song, X. & Hu, D. (2023). In vitro Transcriptional Response of Eimeria tenella to Toltrazuril Reveals That Oxidative Stress and Autophagy Contribute to Its Anticoccidial Effect. International Journal of Molecular Science, 24 (9): 8370. https://doi. org/10.3390/ijms24098370
Chen, S., Xiaojing, W., Yu C., Hongsheng G. &Xuehao, C. (2023). "A Review of Classification, Biosynthesis, Biological Activities and Potential Applications of Flavonoids". Molecules, 28(13): 4982. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134982
Sebghatollahi, Z., Ghanadian, M., Agarwal, P., Ghaheh, H., S., Mahato, N. & Yogesh, R. (2022). Citrus flavonoids: Biological activities, implementation in skin health, and topical applications: A Review. ACS Food Science and Ugwuoke et al: Anticoccidial activity and Biochemical effect of Parkia biglobosa extract 386Technology, 2: 1417-1432. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.2c00165
Indriyani, N., N., Jamaludin, A., Nandang, P., Sarifah, N. & Euis, J. (2023). Bioactive components and their activities from different parts of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle for food development. Foods, 12(10): 2036.https://doi. org/10.3390/foods12102036
Ishaq, A. N., Sani, D., Abdullahi, S., A. A. & Jatua, D. (2022).In vitroAnticoccidial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Citrus aurantium L. against Eimeria tenella oocysts. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary science, 20: 37 – 43. https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i5.4
Ugwuoke, G. M. &Pewan, S. (2020). Effect of Methanol Extract of Parkia biglobosa root Bark on Organ and Carcass Weight and Histopathological Changes in Eimeria tenella-infected Broiler Chickens. Animal Research International, 17: 3587–3595.https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ari/article/download/195649/184772
Nghonjuyi, N. W., Kimbi, H. K., Keambou, C. T., Manka’a, C. N., Toukala, J. P., Juliano, R. S. &Lisita, F. (2015). Assessment of anti-coccidial efficacy of ethanolic extract of Aloe vera leaf in Kabir chicken in Cameroon. Journal of Advances in Parasitology, 2: 23-29 . https:// doi.org/10.14737/journal.jap/2015/2.2.23.29
Zhang, K., Li, X., Na, C., Abbas, A., Abbas, R. Z. & Zaman, M. A. (2020). Anticoccidial effects of Camellia sinensis(green tea) extract and its effect on blood and serum chemistry of broiler chickens. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 40: 77-80.https://doi.org/10.29261/ pakvetj/2019.119
Kazeem, M., I., Bankole, H., A., Oladokun, T., I., Bello, A. O. & Maliki, M. A. (2020). Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle (Lime) fruit extract inhibits the activities of polyol pathway enzymes. EFood, 1:310-315. https://doi.org/10.2991/ efood.k.200824.001
Mohamed, E., R., A., Elazab, M., F., El-Habashi, N., Elhawary, N. & Mokhbatly, A. A. (2021). Anticoccidial effect of Origanum majorana aqueous extract on Eimeria tenella-infected chicken. Tropical Biomedicine, 38: 62-72. https://doi.org/10.47665/ tb.38.1.011
Hidanah, S., Sabdoningrum, E., K., Wahjuni, R. S. &Chusniati, S. (2018). Effects of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L) administration on leukocyte profile of broiler chickens infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Veterinary World 11: 834-839. https:// doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.834-839
Latimer, K. S. & Bienzle, D. (2010). Determination and interpretation of the avian leukogram. In: Schalm’s Veterinary Haematology, (6th Ed.) Weiss, D., Wardrop, K. J. (Eds.): Blackwell Publishers Limited Ames, pp. 345-357.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Nigerian Journal of Parasitology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
